Why do we see the country and the city as intrinsically different spaces and ways of being? Almost 50 years after Raymond Williams (1973) argued that this contrast is “one of the major forms in which we become conscious of a central part of our experience and of the crises of our society,” we continue to see agrarian economies and life as relics of an idyllic past, dissolving at the hands of the forward-marching cities. Against perspectives that saw the development of capitalism as an urban/industrial set of forces slowly gnawing away at rural/agrarian harmonious and simple living, Williams saw industrial capitalism as intrinsically connected to feudalism and agrarian capitalism, the urban to the rural. Rather than reflecting a historical reality, he argued that this spatial and ideological binary was constructed in direct response to the growth of capitalism and imperialism.

Today, more than half of the world’s population lives in urban areas—but agrarian livelihoods and lives are not merely withering away. The country-versus-city binary continues to govern our efforts to find solutions to the grave crises of our times. Contemporary solutions, such as agroecology as an antidote to industrial agriculture or green energy as a foil to fossil fuels, invoke the return to a pristine, sustainable past.

This conference will showcase graduate student papers that explore how the country and city constitute each other and investigate how capital, labor, imaginaries, and sentiments flow between the two.

10-11:30 am - Constructing Nature

Presentations by: Michael Cary, Jessie Mayall, Suraj Kushwaha and Finn Domingo

Discussant: Nataya Friedan

Constructions of nature, Williams reminds us, often contain veiled arguments about people, societies and social relations. This panel asks what kinds of social arguments are embedded in ideas of environmental instability and what kinds of politics emerge from them. We begin in England, where romanticized understandings of ‘the countryside’ underlie contemporary visions for landscape ‘optimization’ for food production and carbon sequestration. We then move to the remote Siachen glacier, where representations of the world’s highest battlefield by the Indian Army mediate public consent for militarization through appeals to martyrdom and national pride. From there we move to the aftermath of wildfires in Los Angeles, where the financial mechanisms and socio-economic effects of homeowners insurance are exacerbating an already unaffordable housing market. Finally, we turn to Paraguay, where the infrastructures of defense from destructive floods—and the politics of blame for when they happen—shape the relationship between an expanding city and neglected countryside.

12:30 -2pm - Morality of Improvement

Presentations by: Yui Sasajima, Maria Paula Espejo and Allen Huang

Discussant: Paul Kohlbry

These four papers examine the construction of rural spaces and urban fringes, paying attention to the flexible ideas of home that often lie behind the creation of certain spaces as desirable or ideal. At the heart of this question is the issue of improvement, which Raymond Williams points us to as a driver behind the subjection of tenants and the landless.Drawing on varying methodologies, these papers examine how rural and urban spaces are bridged—or thought to be bridged—through social reproduction, how home is made in new spaces, and who benefits from the drive to “improve.”

2:15-3:45pm - Structures of Feeling

Presentations by: Liam Greenwell, Georgia Koumantaros , Andrew Colpitts and Grace Myers

Discussant: Katharine Lindquist

Raymond Williams invites us to investigate the dialogic relationship between the rural and urban through the unspoken, shared, and historically contingent “structures of feeling” that emerge from cultural texts. This panel examines Williams’s contribution in relation to the moral, symbolic, representational, and material assemblages by which the rural is imagined. In doing so, we ask how the country and the city become sites of imagined dystopia and utopia alike by which people reimagine life in generative ways. These papers track imagined promises of the countryside—from a site for family values, national becoming, future imagination, and self-actualization—in contexts from rural evangelicalism in New York, queer reckonings with both limitation and thriving, folklore and placemaking in coal country, and the contradictions of village life in Greece. The unclear lines between utopia and dystopia trouble the position of the figures involved and promise—or threaten?—collective self-fashioning.

Join us for a discussion of RIVERINE CITIZENSHIP: A BOSNIAN CITY IN LOVE WITH THE RIVER. Featuring the book's author, Azra Hromadzic (Syracuse University), Kristin Doughty (Rochester University), Saida Hodzic (Cornell University), and the Cornell Proseminar in Anthropology. Lunch will be served and everyone is invited.

Winston Churchill famously quipped, “There is only one thing worse than fighting with allies, and that is fighting without them.” For generations, the United States has wrestled with the complexities that come with international alliances. Nonetheless, ever since the early days of the Cold War, America's ability to attract like-minded allies to support and defend its interests has given it a competitive advantage relative to its main adversaries. As we continue the debates of previous generations regarding where and how the United States should be involved in the world, we need to understand the value of alliances, and how the debate itself—both within the United States and with its allies—matters to national security. Three panelists from the US Army War College will share perspectives on how Australia contributes to US security; the complexities of improving NATO effectiveness via increased contributions from its European members; and the importance of the American public engaging in well-informed debate about the country’s role in the world.

Panelists
Colonel Rob Haertsch, an Australian Army Officer with 25 years of service, recently served as Director - Land at Army Headquarters in Canberra, overseeing the integration of operational planning with the joint force and government. Prior to this, he was the Defense Adviser in Suva, Fiji, working with the Head of Mission at the Australian High Commission. His operational deployments include to the Solomon Islands, Iraq, and Afghanistan, along with domestic support to civil authorities in Australia. Colonel Haertsch holds a Bachelor of Civil Engineering from the University of New South Wales and a Masters in Defense and Military Studies from the Australian National University.

Lieutenant Colonel Frank Hartnett is a Public Affairs Officer in the U.S. Air Force. He has served for over 19 years, and his last assignment was as the Public Affairs Advisor to the Secretary of the Air Force. In this capacity, Lt Col Hartnett supported the Secretary’s efforts to modernize the force and improve the lives of Airmen through the coordinated use of media engagement, community outreach, and internal coverage. He holds a Master's Degree from Air University and a Bachelor’s Degree from the University of Pittsburgh.

Lieutenant Colonel Christiana Crawford is a U.S. Marine Corps Reserve Operational Planner and Western Europe Foreign Area Officer. She was commissioned in 2004 from the United States Naval Academy. She has spent considerable time living and working in Europe where she participated in the Robert Bosch Fellowship Program and worked in the German Foreign Ministry. Most recently Lieutenant Colonel Crawford served as the lead planner in the Pacific, overseeing the implementing of Marine Corps force modernization efforts. She is fluent in German and holds a Doctor of Chiropractic as well as master’s degrees in international relations and defense and strategic studies.

Host
Reppy Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies