In the late 1990s, a new private military company (PMC) from South Africa, Executive Outcomes, intervened in Angola and Sierra Leone, where the company's operations ushered in a ceasefire. Still, when Executive Outcome's CEO, Eeben Barlow, declared his PMC capable of doing "what blue helmets could not," few in the peacekeeping and NGO world took him seriously. Twenty years later, after the rise of the Russian PMC Wagner Group, peacekeeping and mercenaries are direct competitors. Countries who traditionally contributed soldiers to the UN, such as Rwanda, Uganda, and Burundi, now market their troops to Exxon and the Gaza Board of Peace. Whether UN peacekeeping can survive this latest round in the privatization of warfare remains to be seen.

About the speaker

John Lechner graduated from the Master of Science in Foreign Service (MSFS) Program at Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service. At Georgetown, John focused on security issues in Central Africa and the Sahel; Turkey; Russia, and the former Soviet Union. He is an expert on Russia’s growing influence in Africa. He speaks fluent Russian; advanced French, Turkish, and Georgian; and conversational Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS), Chechen, German, and Sango (the lingua franca of the Central African Republic).

After working in finance for several years, John decided to leverage his language skills and significant experience living abroad—especially in Russia and Europe—for a career in international affairs. After arriving in Washington DC, he took an internship with the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD), analyzing and publishing articles on Turkish domestic politics, security, and foreign relations.

While attending Georgetown he has continued to work as a freelance journalist, covering issues related to language, history, culture, and politics in eastern Ukraine, Moldova, Turkey, the Sahel, and the Central African Republic. He is an expert on the history, languages, and politics of Central Africa, Turkey, and the former Soviet Union. You can find his articles published in Foreign Policy, War on the Rocks, Kyiv Post, The Diplomat, Africa is a Country, African Arguments, The National Interest, and Defense One, among others.

Host
Reppy Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies, part of the Einaudi Center for International Studies

Co-sponsor
Institute for European Studies, part of the Einaudi Center for International Studies