This conference explores the interrelationships among political literary, and religious culture in early second-millennium South India and Sri Lanka. Scholars of premodern South Asia and Indian Ocean political culture now recognize that transregional processes fundamentally shaped political environments in this region. The substantial migration of scholars, military operators, ritual specialists, and pilgrim-patrons led to substantial transfers of knowledge. During this period, textual forms, material culture, languages, and technical sciences were on the move. Speakers will highlight the potential of working across languages and between key political-cultural centers to identify core characteristics of premodern political culture in peninsular India and Sri Lanka from approximately 900-1500. The culture of politics in this region underwent substantial changes during this period, bookended by the Indian Ocean imperial vision of the Cōḷas to the advent of the Portuguese Indian Ocean colonial empire.

Conference participants include:

Manasicha Akepiyapornchai, Asian Studies, University of Texas at Austin

Daud Ali, South Asia Studies, University of Pennsylvania

Stephen Berkwitz, Religious Studies, Missouri State University

Anne Blackburn, Asian Studies, Cornell University

Whitney Cox, South Asian Languages & Civilizations, University of Chicago

Elaine Fisher, Religious Studies, Stanford University

Alistair Gornall, History & Religion, Singapore University of Technology and Design

Larry McCrea, Asian Studies, Cornell University

Bruno Shirley, Buddhist Studies, Heidelberg University

More information forthcoming.

Talk by Tracy Chahwan

This talk investigates the evolving landscape of women and LGBTQ+ comics in Lebanon and the Arab world, focusing on how marginalized creators develop visual strategies to negotiate identity, censorship, and socio-political instability. Through autobiographical practice and case studies, including Samandal Comics, Restless by Joseph Kai, Dans le Taxi by Barrack Rima, and digital platforms like BeirutByDyke, this presentation explores comics as a hybrid feminist and queer archive that documents lived experience in contexts where official narratives erase or criminalize it. Special attention is given to digital circulation, alternative publishing infrastructures, and transnational networks, which enable forms of authorship, testimony, and community otherwise denied in public space. By centering artistic practice from within the region, rather than from a theoretical distance, this talk frames comics not only as cultural production, but as a methodology for survival, connection, and collective world-building.

Tracy Chahwan’s work first appeared on the walls of Beirut as street art and posters for local independent music venues like the Beirut Groove Collective and Metro al Madina. Later, she began working with the Lebanese experimental comics collective Samandal, publishing anthologies and experimental magazines, eventually publishing her graphic novel Beirut Bloody Beirut (Hachette, 2018). After relocating to the US in 2020, she turned to journalistic comics, collaborations, and created editorial work for major outlets, including The New Yorker and The New York Times Book Review. Tracy continues to travel between the US and the Levant, thinking, drawing, and doing her best to bear witness to the many strange madnesses unfolding all around us.

Modern surveillance technology has transformed the epistemic conditions of armed conflict. Drones, satellites, and persistent ISR systems now enable military commanders to identify individual civilians and predict, with statistical precision, the casualties their strikes will cause. Yet international humanitarian law continues to operate on frameworks designed for an era when such knowledge was unavailable - permitting foreseeable civilian deaths as lawful "collateral damage" provided they are not "excessive" relative to military advantage gained.

The Principle of Foreseeable Harm to Innocents (FHI) addresses this gap through one core proposition: if you can see them, and you can spare them, you must spare them. FHI does not create new law but clarifies what existing obligations under Additional Protocol I already require when properly interpreted for contemporary capabilities. It introduces an "avoidability gate" into targeting analysis: before asking whether civilian deaths are proportionate, commanders must first ask whether they are avoidable through feasible alternatives—different timing, different weapons, different approaches.

This lecture presents FHI as a further-protective interpretation of existing international humanitarian law, particularly Articles 51 and 57 of Additional Protocol I. Drawing on cases including the 2016 drone strike that killed Mohammad Azam - a Pakistani taxi driver identifiable as a civilian, whose death was foreseeable with certainty, and avoidable through alternative means—it demonstrates how current law permits outcomes that contradict its own protective purposes. FHI reorders the legal analysis to match the moral intuition that knowledge of preventable harm generates obligation to prevent it.

Speaker

Neil Cameron read law with computing at Sussex University, where he studied international humanitarian law under Professor Colonel Gerald Draper. Called to the Bar in 1978, he practised briefly before moving into legal technology consultancy - a field in which he has worked for over thirty-five years, latterly as an adviser to major law firms on technology strategy. He conducted a review of IT systems for the European Court of Human Rights and currently serves as Lead Analyst at Legal IT Insider.

His interest in humanitarian law never waned. Reading Daniel Ellsberg's Confessions of a Nuclear War Planner during the COVID lockdown prompted him to write The Inherent Flexibility of the Human Moral Compass, a two-part analysis tracing the erosion of civilian protection norms from the League of Nations' 1938 resolution through to contemporary drone strikes. The Principle of Foreseeable Harm to Innocents grew from that work. He has since engaged with scholars at Cornell Law School and Oxford's Ethics and Laws of Armed Conflict research group, and has an academic article under preparation. Originally from the UK, Neil currently lives in Ithaca, New York.

Host

Hosted by the Reppy Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies, part of the Einaudi Center for International Studies

Achieve fluency in a language of South Asia with the help of a Foreign Language and Area Studies (FLAS) summer fellowship. You’ll gain valuable knowledge about cultures and countries in which your language is commonly used, while developing skills in a language critical to the needs of the United States. Graduate and undergraduate students are eligible.

Eligible South Asian languages available for in-person or virtual intensive language study include Bengali, Dari, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Nepali, Oriya, Pashto, Persian, Punjabi, Sinhala, Tamil, Telugu, Tibetan & Urdu.

The deadline to apply is February 18, 2026.

Can't attend? Contact sap@einaudi.cornell.edu for more information.