Civil wars become international conflicts when outside states provide support to rebel groups. Sometimes, external intervention is driven by affinity for the rebel group and a desire to achieve the rebel group’s goals. Sometimes, however, external intervention is driven by tensions on other issues, for example, international rivalry, territorial disputes, or regional leadership. We develop a game-theoretic model to understand the conditions under which a government may break a rebel-external state coalition through bargaining on an international issue. We provide evidence of the empirical relevance of our theory through statistical analysis of civil conflicts, along with an examination of early Libyan intervention in the Chadian civil war. Our argument provides new insight on the connections between domestic and international conflict and the outcomes of internationalized civil wars

About the speaker

Brett Ashley Leeds is Radoslav Tsanoff Professor of Political Science at Rice University. She is currently co-Editor-in-Chief of International Organization. Leeds’s research focuses on the design and effects of international agreements (particularly military alliances), and also on connections between domestic politics and foreign policy. She is the co-author of Domestic Interests, Democracy, and Foreign Policy Change (with Michaela Mattes, Cambridge Elements in International Relations series, 2022). In 2008, Leeds received the Karl Deutsch Award from the International Studies Association, which is presented annually to a scholar in International Relations within ten years of Ph.D. who is judged to have made the most significant contribution to the study of International Relations and Peace Research. In 2019, Leeds won the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Conflict Processes Section of APSA in recognition of scholarly contributions that have fundamentally improved the study of conflict processes. She served as President of the International Studies Association during 2017-18, President of the Peace Science Society during 2018-19, and as Chair of the Rice University Department of Political Science from 2015-2025.

Host

Reppy Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies, part of the Einaudi Center for International Studies

The Laidlaw Scholars Leadership and Research Program promotes ethical leadership and international research around the world—starting with the passionate leaders and learners found on campuses like Cornell. Open to first- and second-year students, the two-year Laidlaw program provides generous support to carry out internationally focused research, develop leadership skills, engage with community projects overseas, and become part of a global network of like-minded scholars from twenty universities worldwide.

At this session, we'll share more information about the program, including Cornell's cohort-based intercultural community-engaged learning summer experience in Ecuador, and tips for writing a successful application. Applications are due January 12, 2026.

Applicants are also strongly encouraged to attend a Q+A webinar about the summer experience in Ecuador. Q+A webinars are scheduled for November 5 and November 6.

Register here. Can’t attend? Contact programs@einaudi.cornell.edu.

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The Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies hosts info sessions for graduate and for undergraduate students to learn more about funding opportunities, international travel, research, and internships. View the full calendar of fall semester sessions.

The Laidlaw Scholars Leadership and Research Program promotes ethical leadership and international research around the world—starting with the passionate leaders and learners found on campuses like Cornell. Open to first- and second-year students, the two-year Laidlaw program provides generous support to carry out internationally focused research, develop leadership skills, engage with community projects overseas, and become part of a global network of like-minded scholars from twenty universities worldwide.

At this session, we'll share more information about the program, including Cornell's cohort-based intercultural community-engaged learning summer experience in Ecuador, and tips for writing a successful application. Applications are due January 12, 2026.

Applicants are also strongly encouraged to attend a Q+A webinar about the summer experience in Ecuador. Q+A webinars are scheduled for November 5 and November 6.

Can’t attend? Contact programs@einaudi.cornell.edu.

***

The Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies hosts info sessions for graduate and for undergraduate students to learn more about funding opportunities, international travel, research, and internships. View the full calendar of fall semester sessions.

Talk by Ahona Panda (History, Claremont McKenna College)

The talk explores the entwined political and literary lives of the Bengali politician and writer, Abul Mansur Ahmed (1898-1979), and studies him as a person who lived through the political articulations of three nationalisms: Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi. From his early involvement in the Indian National Congress, to his shift to the Muslim League and formation of Pakistan, and later his role in shaping the Awami League and modern Bangladesh, Ahmed’s life reflects the deep contradictions of his time. In this talk, I explore how, for Ahmed, “Muslim” was not merely a religious category, but a social class formation produced through colonial agrarian structures and shaped by Hindu cultural and linguistic hegemony. Language, then, became both a site of resistance and a battleground for Muslims and Hindus: who controlled Bengali? Who spoke for its future? Ahmed’s suspicion of Hindu-Muslim unity stemmed from a trenchant critique of elite Hindu appropriation of language and culture. And yet, Bengali–– and language itself–– remained a terrain of unresolved tension and closeness between the two communities.

I situate Ahmed alongside literary friends like Kazi Nazrul Islam, political figures like Chittaranjan Das, A.K. Fazlul Huq and H.S. Suhrawardy, as well as humanists like Ahmed Sharif and Anisuzzaman, who held out hope that the Bengali language could transcend nation-state divisions. As India-Bangladesh relations continue to worsen, the talk rethinks whether language is the site of irreconcilable difference, or the elusive site of what binds us beyond the injustices of class, race, and history.

Ahona Panda is a historian of South Asia and Assistant Professor of History at Claremont McKenna College. In 2025-2026, she is a Visiting Scholar of South Asian History at Cornell University. Her research focuses on the intersections of language, land, and politics in Bengal from the colonial period to the postcolonial present. She is currently completing a book titled Language and its Communitas: The Life of Bengali, 1793–1971, which explores the political and emotional life of the Bengali language, and the material, national, and literary histories that shaped it. Her broader scholarly interests include philology, economic and environmental history of the Bengal delta, and the long history of Hindu–Muslim relations in South Asia.

How AI might be used in nuclear command and control is the subject of much discussion in national security circles. But this debate—important though it has been—obscures many other ways that AI could be used or should not be used across the entire nuclear weapons enterprise. (In this talk, the nuclear weapons enterprise also encompasses nuclear weapons, their delivery systems, the associated command and control and the links of these entities to AI in systems not usually associated with nuclear weapons.) Key attributes of AI and the nuclear weapons enterprise will be reviewed, principles for thinking about AI in the nuclear weapons enterprise discussed, and specific guidelines for assessing the wisdom of AI in any given nuclear application proposed.

About the speaker

Herbert Lin is a senior research scholar at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Cooperation and a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. His work focuses on the national security impact of emerging technologies, especially digital technologies such as cyber, artificial intelligence, and influence operations. He directs and serves as editor-in-chief of the Stanford Emerging Technology Review (setr.stanford.edu). Lin is Chief Scientist, Emeritus for the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Research Council, leading key studies on public policy and information technology from 1990 to 2014. He served on President Obama’s Commission on Enhancing National Cybersecurity in 2016, was named a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2019, participated in the Aspen Commission on Information Disorder in 2020, and was on the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists’ Science and Security Board from 2016 to 2025. Previously, he was a professional staff member for the House Armed Services Committee, focusing on defense policy and arms control. Lin holds a doctorate in physics from MIT.

Avocationally, he is a longtime folk and swing dancer (and sometimes dance teacher), a very mediocre magician (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqgpaiK1xh8), and a connoisseur of dim sum.

Host

Reppy Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies, part of the Eianudi Center for International Studies

Co-host

Cornell Brooks School Tech Policy Institute

Since the inception of Hollywood, U.S. media has often and continues to reduce Africa to singular stories about poverty, conflict, crisis, death, famine etc. overlooking the complexities that shape the continent and its people. What these media stereotypes fail to foreground are the complexities of the continent and how these harmful representations of the continent date back to colonial times. This colloquium presents a keynote presentation and panel that problematizes these harmful tropes about the continent while presenting alternative frames that complicate the reality of the 50+ countries in Africa. Key among topics to be explored in the keynote are the way that narratives around war and genocide in Africa are framed in news media. The panel will bring attention to the potential of African pop culture such as music, film and television to not only challenge stereotypes about the continent but also present the rich tapestry of African cultures. The colloquium will demonstrate how presenting nuanced and dignified narratives about the continent can connect Africa’s diaspora to their roots and ancestry. https://new.express.adobe.com/webpage/85MY9tr1q2KcU

Register

Talk by Ann Gold (Religion, Syracuse University)

On March 1, 1968 my first husband and I, both college drop-outs, set forth on the now stereotypical overland journey from Europe to South Asia. We reached Pakistan in mid-April at the peak of the hot season, and walked across the border into India about three weeks later. Well into August we literally circled the subcontinent: from Lahore to Kashmir, gradually southward all the way to Rameshwaram, north again briefly visiting Nepal. We moved constantly -- riding ordinary buses and 3rd-class trains, rarely stopping anywhere more than 2-3 nights, rarely spending more than 5-10 rupees for a night’s lodging. In letters home I repeatedly lament my ignorance and express my yearning to remain in one place, even as I rush to the next destination. While observant, I never contemplate how privileged are my hardships and the mobility I take for granted. I learn to love South Asian culture, meals, and people. Numerous strangers exert themselves to welcome, teach and feed us. Today’s presentation draws on Chapter 6 of a memoir manuscript describing my seven years as a college dropout. Chronologically it falls about two years into that chaotic period of my life. When I resumed my education in 1973 I chose to study anthropology and eventually to focus on India. My memoir wonders how I found my way into a fulfilling career without any prior plan through a fortuitous combination of aptitude, affinity, ancestry and dumb luck. Emerging retrospective anthropological themes in the South Asia chapter are the privilege of mobility and the “banquet of hospitality.”

Ann Grodzins Gold is emerita Thomas J. Watson Professor of Religion and Professor of Anthropology at Syracuse University. Her research in North India focused on pilgrimage, gender, expressive traditions, environmental history, and most recently landscape and identity in a small market town. She has authored or co-authored numerous articles and five books all based on fieldwork in provincial Rajasthan, including Shiptown: Between Rural and Urban North India (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017). Her book, In the Time of Trees and Sorrows: Nature, Power and Memory in Rajasthan (Duke University Press, 2002, co-authored with Bhoju Ram Gujar) was awarded the Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy Book Prize from the Association for Asian Studies. During her career as an anthropologist of religion, Gold has held awards from the Fulbright Foundation, Guggenheim Foundation, National Endowment for the Humanities, and National Humanities Center, among others. In 2025 she was elected to membership in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Talk by Ronojoy Sen (Institute of South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore)

When Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared victory in the Indian general elections for the third time at the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) headquarters in New Delhi, he ended his speech by chanting Bande (bow) several times in rapid succession, getting the audience to reply Mataram (mother) on each occasion. The chants of Bande Mataram and Bharat Mata ki jai (Victory to Mother India) were common to most campaign rallies by Modi as well as other senior BJP leaders during the six-week election. The song Bande Mataram can be traced to Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay’s well-known novel, Anandamath (1892). Bankim is also central to the powerful formulation of the nation as mother goddess. This presentation looks at the many strands of the intellectual journey of the song Bande Mataram, which is independent India’s official song (as opposed to the national anthem), from the pages of Bankim’s novel to becoming a defining feature of Hindu nationalism. There were several personalities who carried forward the ideas of Bankim in different ways and turned Bande Mataram into a potent political slogan during the Swadeshi movement. Some of the central figures in this story are Aurobindo Ghose, who was inspired by both the slogan Bande Mataram, and the connection between the nation and the mother goddess, as well as his contemporary Bipin Chandra Pal. Rabindranath Tagore, too, is a critical figure both as the person who set the song to tune and as someone who was alive to its communal interpretation.

Dr Ronojoy Sen is a Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of South Asian Studies and the South Asian Studies Programme, National University of Singapore. He has worked for over a decade with leading Indian newspapers, most recently as an editor for The Times of India. His latest book is House of the People: Parliament and the Making of Indian Democracy (Cambridge University Press, 2022). He is also the author of Nation at Play: A History of Sport in India (Columbia University Press/Penguin, 2015) and Articles of Faith: Religion, Secularism, and the Indian Supreme Court (Oxford University Press, 2010; revised ed. 2018). He has edited several books, the latest being Media at Work in China and India (Sage, 2015). He has a Ph.D. in political science from the University of Chicago and read history at Presidency College, Calcutta. He has held visiting fellowships at the Wilson Center, the National Endowment for Democracy, the East-West Center, Washington, and the International Olympic Museum.